"Surgeons may operate better with music", SF Examiner, 21 Sept 94, p. A-7.

"Effects of music on cardiovascular reactivity among surgeons", K. Allen 
 and J. Blascovich, JAMA 21 Sept 94, v. 272, pp. 882-884.

1.  This study was an experiment.

2.  (answer from p.882, column 3, first paragraph)
Participants were 50 male surgeon volunteers from Buffalo, NY, 
ranging in age from 31 to 61 years old.
    -all were interested in learning about physiological responses to music
    -all were self-reported music enthusiasts
    -all regularly listened to music during surgery
    -all were free of cardioactive medications
    -all were male
    -all were surgeons
    -all volunteered for the study
    -all were in the age group of 31 to 61
    -all were from Buffalo

3.  (p.882, column 3, 2nd paragraph)
Three treatments were applied, and they were music-free, self-selected, 
and investigator selected (Pachelbel's Canon in D) music conditions.
4.  (p.882, column 3, 2nd paragraph)
All three treatments were given to each subject.  The order that these 
treatments were given to the subjects, however, was randomly 
counterbalanced across subjects.

5.  The music-free condition was chosen as a control.  Surgeons were 
allowed to chose their own musical conditions for a portion of the 
study, and finally, Pachelbel's Canon in D was chosen because the 
piece is often associated with stress-reduction.

6.  1.  In each measurement of physiological responses, the results 
    indicate that the surgeons are the least stressed under their 
    choice of music condition, second stressed under Pachelbel's 
    Canon, and most stressed under the condition of no music at all.  
2.  The subjects were a lot calmer during the rest periods that 
    they were when actually performing the calculations.
3.  All four measurements of stress levels followed similar patterns.
4.  Differences in stress levels were much larger during the 
    testing periods; during the rest periods, the three different 
    treatments yielded different stress levels, but these levels did 
    not differ from each other as much as they did during the testing 
    periods.  

7.  The surgeons participating in the study were all music lovers who
regularly listened to music while performing surgery.  Therefore,
those surgeons who do not care for music or are easily distracted may
not react as positively to the music treatments as those who are
enthusiastic about the use of music in surgery.  Also, because those
participating in the study were interested in this subject, they might
have (intentionally or unintentionally) felt the need to feel calmer
under the music conditions.  Finally, this study measures stress
levels under mathematical manipulations; stress may not be the only
factor contributing the the success of surgery, and the stress
associated with mathematical calculations probably differs greatly
from the stress levels while perfoming surgery.

8.  These doctors are interested in the positive effects of music, so
they may intentionally make greater efforts to stay calm under the
music treatments.  The results in Fig 1 would thus be exaggerated, and
it may be that music has negligible effects on a persons ability to
perform
 mathematical calculations.

9.  The fourth paragraph in the article is derived from the last
paragraph in the study.  The ninth paragraph in the article was
derived from the methods section of the study.

I would add a paragraph on what measures were actually used to test the 
doctors' stress levels.  Also, the article quotes one doctor as 
saying he would listed to Peter Gabriel or Pink Floyd, but every single 
doctor in the study chose intrumental music, with 46 out of 50 chosen 
pieces being classical.  Therefore, the effects of rock music weren't 
addressed in the study.