Answers: "Monster in the crib", 25 Sept 94, SF Examiner, p. A-2.

Journal Articles: 1) "The terrible twos just got younger", T. Adler,
                     Science News, v. 146, no. 12, p. 182.
                  2) "Depressive symptoms and work role satisfaction in
                     mothers of toddlers", A.L. Olsen and L.A. DiBrigida,
                     Sept 94, Pediatrics, v. 94, no. 3, pp. 363-367.

1. 233 subjects.  They were mothers of toddlers who brought their children
   for health supervision visits in two pediatric primary care group 
   practices in New Hampshire.  These children were between 12 and 24 months
   of age.  They were first recruited by phone one week prior to their
   visit but were recruited at the time of the visit if phone contact was
   not made.  Informed consent was obtained.  (journal2-"Study Design:
   Methods"-p.364)

2. These subjects were primarily representative of the white, married, 
   middle-class population of mothers.  (journal1-2nd col-5th pgrh-p.182;
   journal2-"Results: Population Characteristics"-p.364)

3. The only comparison group found was the group of adult females who were
   screened with the same measure as this study in another New Hampshire
   primary care study (first paragraph of "Discussion" in article).  Other
   characteristics of this comparison group are unknown from this article, 
   but their depression rate (21.5%) is half of that of the mothers in this
   study.  Other than this group, this study did not compare groups of
   mothers of other ages (no control group) and did not focus on these
   kinds of comparisons.  If 42% of mothers of c2ildren of other ages or
   nonmothers had symptoms of depression, then nothing can be said to 
   justify the popular belief scientifically from this study.  The popular
   belief cannot also be disproven because the study was not focusing on 
   comparing different groups of mothers/nonmothers.  (journal2-1st pgrh-
   p.363; journal2-"Discussion"-1st pgrh-p.365)

4. A possible comparison group would be mothers with children aged 2 to 4
   years (ages when the children are still not in school to maintain a
   situation where the mothers are the primary caretakers of the children).
   (opinion)

5. It would be OK to have the numbers reported to 2 decimal places
   because the SD is big and the variation is such that the third decimal 
   place just gives additonal but insignificant information on the variation
   (variation is not as big).  Reporting to 1 decimal place is not as
   accepted but can be used because the variation is not as big. (journal2-
   Table 2)

6. A possible paragraph would be:
        "This study did not focus on comparing characteristics within the
         groups of mothers of two-year-olds.  The subject population was
         very similar in terms of ethnicity, marital status, 
         socioeconomic status, and age that
         it was assumed that this group act very similarly together.
         Any differences would be insignificant.  The goal of this study is
         to see if only employment status is correlated with depression."

7.