Answers:  "Yes, people are right.  Caffeine is addictive.", 5 Oct 94,
           NY Times, p. B9.

Journal Article:  "Caffeine dependence syndrome: evidence from case
                   histories and experimental evaluations", E.C. Strain 
                   et al, 5 Oct 94, JAMA, v. 272, no 3, pp. 1043-1048.

1)  Participants were a self-identified group of adults recruited through
    newspaper notices that sought volunteers who believed they were
    psychologically or physically dependent on caffeine.  They had to be 18
    to 50 years of age; have at least a high school diploma or equivalent; 
    have a normal blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiogram;
    have no physical condition contraindicating the consumption of caffeine;
    were not pregnant, have not used illicit drugs in the past six months;
    consumed caffeine on a daily basis; and reported problems associated with 
    caffeine use.  Subjects were first screened by telephone for suitability,
    using a questionnaire that reviewed their medical and psychiatric history.
    Their answers were reviewed by one of the researchers who then determined
    who were eligible.  Those eligible were then requested to come to the
    research unit for further evaluation.  (p.1044-"Methods: Subjects" and
    "Methods: Study Procedures")

2)  16 out of 27 (59%) caffeine users studied in the first phase were
    considered addicted.  This seems to be a high percentage, but this did
    not include all caffeine users (including those who did not meet the 
    requirements for the study).  So, accounting for all 99 applicants, only
    16% are addicted, a fairly low percentage that indicates that caffeine is
    not a widely addictive drug.  Plus, applicants thought that they were 
    addicted to caffeine (were self-identified), so the percentage of all the 
    applicants should be even less than 16%.  (p.1044-"Methods: Subjects" and
    "Methods: Study Procedures")

3)  Participants in the double-blind experiments had to be studied in the 
    first phase when they reported to the laboratory on two or more times.
    signed consent, completed a history questionnaire, underwent a physical
    examination, filled out one week of food diaries, and went through
    a standardized psychiatric interview that assessed caffeine dependence.
    Those who were diagnosed as caffeine dependent and did not have other
    medical problems were considered for the second phase.  (p.1044-"Methods:
    Study Procedures")

4)  In the first phase, the two treatments were caffeine dependent group
    and the not caffeine dependent, according to their results from their
    diagnostic interview.  In the second phase, these caffeine dependents 
    were given caffeine pills and placebos.  (p.1044-"Methods: 
    Study Procedures", p.1045-"Double-Blind Caffeine-Withdrawal 
    Evaluation"-3rd pgrh)

5)  Subjects were interviewed by investigators who were blind to the order
    of the study conditions (ie. order of pills).  Subjects were blind in that
    they were told that they were participating in a study evaluating the
    effects of food components on mood and behavior.  They were instructed to
    maintain certain dietary restrictions during the 2-day study periods,
    including food items without caffeine.  They also ingested capsules not
    knowing which contained caffeine or placebo.  (p.1044-45-"Methods: 
    Double-Blind Caffeine-Withdrawal Evaluation"-2nd, 3rd, and last pgrhs)

6)  Outcomes that were measured were caffeine dependence, various criteria
    for substance dependence (tolerance symptoms, withdrawal symptoms,
    persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control use,
    and any continued use despite knowledge of a persistent or
    recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have
    been caused or exacerbated by substance use.  (p. 1044-"Methods:
    Diagnostic Interview, p.1046-47-"Comment"-1st pgrh)

7)  The newspaper article gave a very good job in describing the two phases
    of the study, including an explanation of the criteria used to diagnose
    substance dependence, description of subjects, and an outline of the
    events of the study.  It even gave further information that includes 
    individual stories of the subjects.  It did not, however, mention past
    psychiatric disorders that the subjects had may alter the way the results
    are perceived.  (p.1047-"Comment"-5th and 6th pgrhs)

8)  A possible paragraph would be:
        "The subjects had few other psychiatric disorders at the same time
        as when the study was performed, but there were very high rates of
        past psychiatric disorders, such as nicotine and alcohol dependence.
        This tendency to have other kinds of substance dependence should
        be studied to determine whether caffeine dependence is related to
        alcohol abuse or excessive smoking.  A possible idea that should be
        explored is whether caffeine dependence is a result of quitting 
        other kinds of drugs."
    (p.1047-"Comment"-5th and 6th pgrhs)