diffs _ NULL data.all _ NULL for (year in seq(1900,1992,2)){ i _ (year - 1894)/2 now _ cong[[i]] contested _ now[,5]>0 & now[,6]>0 diff _ ifelse (contested, now[,5]-now[,6], 999999) diffs _ rbind (diffs, cbind (rep(year,length(now[,6])),diff)) data.all _ rbind (data.all, now) } uncontested _ data.all[,5]==0 | data.all[,6]==0 missing _ data.all[,5]==-9 | data.all[,6]==-9 sum(uncontested) sum(missing) sum(uncontested|missing) sum(abs(diffs[,2])<10) sum(abs(diffs[,2])<100) sum(abs(diffs[,2])<500) sum(abs(diffs[,2])<1000) sum(abs(diffs.all[,2])<1000) for (year in seq(1900,1992,2)){ print(c(year,sum(abs(diffs[,2])<1000))) close _ abs(diffs[,2])<100 data.all[close,]