S. V. Subramanian, Tim Huijts, and Jessica Perkins report:
Studies have largely examined the association between political ideology and health at the aggregate/ecological level. Using individual-level data from 29 European countries, we investigated whether self-reports of political ideology and health are associated. In adjusted models, we found an inverse association between political ideology and self-rated poor health; for a unit increase in the political ideology scale (towards right) the odds ratio (OR) for reporting poor health decreased (OR 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.94-0.96). Although political ideology per se is unlikely to have a causal link to health, it could be a marker for health-promoting latent attitudes, values and beliefs.
No pretty graphs, unfortunately. But interesting.
What about a causative effect in the other direction?
Many of those who are or have been seriously ill understand what it's like to be reliant on the care that society offers, and I would imagine this fosters some strong feelings politically about how much care society should offer to those who can't provide it for themselves. "A liberal is a conservative who has been arrested," turns into "A liberal is a conservative who has been sick."